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FANTASY LIFE.
Monday, December 29, 2008
2)How do the physical features of the suroundings affect organisms? What are these physical factors? How do organisms adapt to these physical factors?
The six physical features include
~Light intensity
~Temperature
~Water
~Oxygen content
~Salt concentration of soil or water
~pH of soil or water
These physical features determine the types of plant that are found in the region. Since plants directly or indirectly supply food for animals, the animals are determined by the plants that grow in the region
Now i am going to explain how these physical features affect organisms and how do organisms adapt to them
1)Light intensity
Green plants exist only where there is an adequate supply of sunlight. Some plants, like climbing plants, develop adaptations to reach the light. In the case of climbing plants, they twine around a support to pull themselves higher. Certain plants have developed adaptations to screen off excessive light, for example, some plants have dense covering of hairs on the leaf epidermis or a layer of thick-walled cells.These adaptations allow the plant to screen of excessive light and reducing the rate of transpiration.
2)Temperature
Temperature affects the rate of reaction of enzymes. Temperature that are too high or low would kill an organism.Many plants are adapted to changing seasons. Such plants are able to survive through a hot and cold season by storing food in underground storage organs, shedding leaves to reduce water loss or forming seeds that are resistant to heat, cold or drought.
3)Water
Without water, most organism cannot survive long. Hence, amount of water avaliable is one of the major factors that affects the number of plants and animals in a region. Some organisms are adapted to survive under conditions where water is limited. For e.g, camels can drink more than 100 litres of water and survive for many days without water. Some plants , known as xerophytes, are adapted to survive drought by
~shedding young leaves or developing leaves reduced to spines
~Fleshy stems, storing up much water
~Green stems taking cover the function of photosynthesis
Cacti are xerophytes
On the other hand, plants living in water or every wet places such as the mangrove plants adapt by having special breathing roots project above the mud surface. These breathing roots have pores for gaseous exchange.
4)Oxygen content
Most organisms require oxygen for respiration, thus unable to survive in environments of low oxygen content. However some possess adaptations such as mangrove plants having breathing roots, fish living in water of low oxygen content are air-breathers where they come to the surface to gulp air.
5)Salt concentration of water
Animals living in seawater tend to lose water by osmosis as seawater has a higher salt concentration.Saltwater fishes have a waterproof coat consisting of closely-fitting scales covered by slimy mucous material to reduce the rate of water loss. Cytoplasm of celss of freshwater organisms usually has a higher salt concentration than surrounding water so water tend to enter the organism by osmosis.
6)pH of water
Aquatic organisms are sensitive to the pH of the water and may die if there are drastic or sudden changes in pH.Labels: Physical factors
-------------------final fantasy--------------- ; {10:26 PM}
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ME
Jin Hao
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Biology Assignment
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